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KMID : 0350519950480020433
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Journal of Catholic Medical College
1995 Volume.48 No. 2 p.433 ~ p.446
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The Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on Full Thickness Defect of Articular Cartilage in Rabbit Knee
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Abstract
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The hyaluronic acid, a high molecular weight glycoprotein ubiquitous in connective tissues, has rotective functions as it plays role in the aggregation of proteoglycan, keeps synovial fluid viscoelasticity for lubrication, absorbs stress on
cartilage,
and protects articular cartilage surface layer. Recently scarless healing effect off hyaluronic acid on tissue has been also noted. The purpose of this study is to observe the hyaluronic acid effect on full thickness defected articular cartilage
of
rabbit knees. All experimental animals were subjected to operation to create full thickness defect at their distal femoral condyles. The experimental 48 animals were divided into 48 animals were divided into 4 groups containing 12 animals in
each.
In
group I, 5 mm diameter full thickness defect was created at their distal femoral condyle articular surface and left empty. In groupⅡ, the same defect was created and grafted with autogenous perichondrium from the right costal cartilage. In group
Ⅲ,
the knee was injected with hyaluronic acid every week after creating same defect until the time of their sacrifice. In groupⅣ, the same defect was created and grafted with perichondrium from the autogenous costal cartilage and hyaluronic acid
was
injected every week until the time of their sacrifice. Gross, histologic, histochemical, transmission electron microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations were done for 12 weeks.
@ES The results were as follows :
@EN 1. Grossly at the 12th week, in groupⅠ, the repaired tissue was rough and its margin was irregular but distinguishable from the adjacent normal cartilage. In groupⅡ, the grafted tissue was well taken with even surface but margin was
distinguishabel from the adjacent normal cartilage. In group Ⅲ, the reparative tissue surface was regular and margin was smooth. In group Ⅳ, the grafted tissue was well integrated with smooth surface and its margin was undistinguishable from
neighboring tissue.
2. Histologically, in groupⅠ, fibrinoid arcade and red blood cells appeared in the defect site at the 4th week. The spindle shaped mesenchymal cell filled the cartilagenous defect as well as subchondral defect by the 8th week. At the 12th week,
cartilagenous defect was filled mostly with fibroblast like cells. In groupⅡ, grafted perichondrium were integrated to surrounding tissue at the 8th week. And the defect was filled with tissue containing many chondrocytes at the 12th week.
GroupⅢand
Ⅳshowed almost complete healing of the articular cartilage by the 12th week.
3. Histochemical staining with safranin-O showed staining of matrix at the base of chondrocyte layer in groupⅢ. In groupⅣ, the whole layers of chondrocyte matrices were strongly stained.
4. Transmission electron microscope examination was carried out with 12 week samples. In groupⅠ, the surface layer was irregular with disintegration of lamina splendes, and the arrangement of superficial and tangential layers of articular
surface
was
also irregular. The underlying tissue contained spindle shape cells that resembled fibroblast. In groupⅡ, the lamina splendes was abscent, but underlying tissue contined normal appearing chondrocyte. In groupⅢand Ⅳ, preserved lamina splendes
and
regularly arranged collagen layer containing many chondrocytes were observed. Ane some chondrocytes at basal layer of repaired tissue exhibited well developed Golgi apparatus.
5. Scanning electron microscope was examined with tissue from the 12th week. In groupⅠ, the regenerated tissue had rough surface with distinguishable margin, but it seems well integrated. In groupⅡ, the regenerated tissue was distinguished
from
the
surrounding cartilage by a thin gap, and it has no lamina splendes with rough surface compared to normal articular cartilage. In groupⅢand Ⅳ, thde margin was undistinguishable from normal cartilage and the surface was smooth and regular.
These results suggest that the hyaluronic acid may play an important role in regenerating cartilage in full thickness defect of the rabbit knee joint.
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